The management of EoE remains complex, because it engages individual aspects of each patient and the healthcare resources available in each of the environments in which they are treated, the specific absence of specifically approved drugs for use in the EoE and the absence of solid data on the origin of the disorder, the factors that determine their prognosis, and personal and social costs.

For all these reasons, EoE now represents a health and social challenge, committing a not negligible proportion of young patients, of complex management since it requires the collaboration of multiple specialists (gastroenterologists, allergists, pathological, nutritionists, etc.) for proper care. But simultaneously, EoE is an extraordinary opportunity for research in the field of immuno-allergic diseases based on its continuing expansion in neighboring countries. Although the etiology of EoE is unknown, epidemiological and recent reliminary genetic results indicate that EoE, like other diseases with an immunoallergic base, appears as a result of the action of environmental factors on genetically predisposed individuals. Environmental factors that influence the onset and course of the disease are very little known at the present, and their identification could pose the future development of preventive strategies. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of the immune system diseases. Several observations supporting its role in EoE are derived from the stark differences in the incidence according to gender (up to 4 times more common in males) in different ethnic groups, frequent familial aggregation of EoE cases, a and greater concordance for EoE in monozygotic compared to dizygotic siblings. The characterization of genetic factors contributing to the EoE has not been developed due to the relative youth of the disease, but it certainly is one of the most important aspects to discover to understand the origin and evolution of this disease.